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🔬 Biology  ·  Ecosystem  ·  NEET

Succession that begins on a newly cooled bare volcanic rock, where lichens are the pioneer species, is an example of:

Answer: Xerarch primary succession.

  • A Secondary succession
  • B Hydrarch primary succession
  • C Retrogressive succession
  • D Xerarch primary succession

Correct answer: D. Xerarch primary succession

Explanation: Primary succession on a dry bare surface such as rock is xerarch, and lichens that can grow there first are the pioneer community.

Energy Pyramid (10% Law)Carnivore~10 unitsHerbivore~100 unitsProducer~1000 unitsOnly about 10% of energy passes to the next trophic levelFood chain: Grass to Deer to Tiger

Energy pyramid showing a simple food chain (producer to herbivore to carnivore) with energy decreasing roughly tenfold at each trophic level.

Concept context

Ecosystems, food chains, energy flow, nutrient cycles, biodiversity, and conservation.

Read the full Ecosystem notes →