Answer: One benefits, the other is neither helped nor harmed.
- A Both interacting species derive clear benefit from the relationship
- B One benefits, the other is neither helped nor harmed
- C One species benefits while the other species is actively harmed
- D Neither of the two interacting species derives any benefit
Correct answer: B. One benefits, the other is neither helped nor harmed
Explanation: Commensalism: one species benefits, the other is neither helped nor harmed. E.g., epiphytes on trees, remoras on sharks.
Energy pyramid showing a simple food chain (producer to herbivore to carnivore) with energy decreasing roughly tenfold at each trophic level.
Concept context
Ecosystems, food chains, energy flow, nutrient cycles, biodiversity, and conservation.