Answer: Perpendicular.
- A Parallel
- B Perpendicular
- C At 45 degrees
- D At 60 degrees
Correct answer: B. Perpendicular
Explanation: Flux = E x A x cos(theta). Maximum when theta = 0, i.e., field is perpendicular (normal) to the surface.
Field lines (radial) and equipotential lines (concentric circles) of a point charge. Equipotential surfaces are always perpendicular to the field lines. Image: Sjlegg, Public Domain, via Wikimedia Commons.
Concept context
Electric potential, equipotential surfaces, potential energy of charge systems, conductors, dielectrics, capacitors, combinations, and energy storage.
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