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⚛️ Physics  ·  Electric Charges and Fields  ·  NEET & JEE

The potential energy of a dipole in a field is minimum when the dipole is aligned ___ the field:

Answer: parallel to.

  • A parallel to
  • B antiparallel to
  • C perpendicular to
  • D at 45° to

Correct answer: A. parallel to

Explanation: U = −pE cosθ is least (most negative) when θ = 0°, i.e. parallel alignment.

Field Lines: Single Charge vs Electric Dipole+isolated +charge: lines radiate outward, all directions+dipole: lines curve from + to − (denser between them)

Field lines always point from positive to negative charge, are denser where the field is stronger, and never cross; an isolated positive charge has lines radiating symmetrically outward, while a dipole's lines curve from the positive to the negative charge.

Concept context

Coulomb's law, electric field, potential, capacitors, Gauss's law.

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