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🧪 Chemistry  ·  Haloalkanes & Haloarenes  ·  NEET & JEE

Which halide undergoes nucleophilic substitution most readily?

Answer: Iodide (C-I).

  • A Fluoride (C-F)
  • B Chloride (C-Cl)
  • C Bromide (C-Br)
  • D Iodide (C-I)

Correct answer: D. Iodide (C-I)

Explanation: Reactivity in nucleophilic substitution: RI > RBr > RCl > RF. C-I bond is weakest and iodide is the best leaving group due to its large, polarisable nature.

SN2: one stepNu-CX-backside attackNuC+ X-Inversion of configuration(Walden inversion)SN1: two stepsCX-slow: leaving group exits+CcarbocationNu-Planar intermediate givesracemisation (both faces attacked)

SN2 proceeds in a single step with backside attack and inversion of configuration, while SN1 forms a planar carbocation intermediate first, leading to racemisation.

Concept context

Study carbon-halogen compounds: how they are made, how they react via SN1/SN2 and elimination, their stereochemistry, and their environmental impact.

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