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🧪 Chemistry  ·  Haloalkanes & Haloarenes  ·  NEET & JEE

In the Ullmann reaction, two aryl halides are coupled in the presence of copper to give:

Answer: A biaryl (Ar-Ar).

  • A A biaryl (Ar-Ar)
  • B A phenol
  • C An aryl amine
  • D An aryl ketone

Correct answer: A. A biaryl (Ar-Ar)

Explanation: The Ullmann coupling: 2 ArX + Cu → Ar-Ar + CuX₂. This is a classic method for forming biaryl compounds used in pharmaceutical and materials synthesis.

SN2: one stepNu-CX-backside attackNuC+ X-Inversion of configuration(Walden inversion)SN1: two stepsCX-slow: leaving group exits+CcarbocationNu-Planar intermediate givesracemisation (both faces attacked)

SN2 proceeds in a single step with backside attack and inversion of configuration, while SN1 forms a planar carbocation intermediate first, leading to racemisation.

Concept context

Study carbon-halogen compounds: how they are made, how they react via SN1/SN2 and elimination, their stereochemistry, and their environmental impact.

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