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🧪 Chemistry  ·  Haloalkanes & Haloarenes  ·  NEET & JEE

Which of the following is a gem-dihalide (both halogens on the same carbon)?

Answer: 1,1-dichloroethane.

  • A 1,2-dichloroethane
  • B 1,3-dichloropropane
  • C 1,1-dichloroethane
  • D 1,4-dichlorobutane

Correct answer: C. 1,1-dichloroethane

Explanation: In 1,1-dichloroethane (CH<sub>3</sub>CHCl<sub>2</sub>) both chlorines sit on one carbon, the defining feature of a geminal dihalide.

SN2: one stepNu-CX-backside attackNuC+ X-Inversion of configuration(Walden inversion)SN1: two stepsCX-slow: leaving group exits+CcarbocationNu-Planar intermediate givesracemisation (both faces attacked)

SN2 proceeds in a single step with backside attack and inversion of configuration, while SN1 forms a planar carbocation intermediate first, leading to racemisation.

Concept context

Study carbon-halogen compounds: how they are made, how they react via SN1/SN2 and elimination, their stereochemistry, and their environmental impact.

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