Answer: Delta o exceeds the pairing energy P.
- A the pairing energy P exceeds Delta<sub>o</sub>
- B Delta<sub>o</sub> exceeds the pairing energy P
- C the ligand is a weak field ligand
- D the metal ion is in a low oxidation state
Correct answer: B. Delta<sub>o</sub> exceeds the pairing energy P
Explanation: When the crystal field splitting Delta<sub>o</sub> is greater than the pairing energy P (strong field ligands), electrons pair in t<sub>2g</sub> rather than occupy e<sub>g</sub>, giving a low-spin complex.
The three common coordination geometries: octahedral (6 ligands), tetrahedral (4 ligands), and square planar (4 ligands in one plane).
Concept context
Study of compounds where a central metal atom is bonded to surrounding ligands. Covers nomenclature, types of isomerism, bonding theories (VBT, CFT), and applications in medicine, photography, and industry.