Answer: Ligands (ions or molecules donating electron pairs).
- A Ligands (ions or molecules donating electron pairs)
- B Mainly covalent bonds with little donor-acceptor character
- C Mainly ionic bonds formed by complete electron transfer
- D No surrounding atoms or groups whatsoever as generally observed
Correct answer: A. Ligands (ions or molecules donating electron pairs)
Explanation: In coordination compounds, ligands donate lone pairs to the central metal atom, forming coordinate (dative) bonds.
The three common coordination geometries: octahedral (6 ligands), tetrahedral (4 ligands), and square planar (4 ligands in one plane).
Concept context
Study of compounds where a central metal atom is bonded to surrounding ligands. Covers nomenclature, types of isomerism, bonding theories (VBT, CFT), and applications in medicine, photography, and industry.