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🧪 Chemistry  ·  Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure  ·  NEET & JEE

A sigma bond is formed by:

Answer: Head-on (axial) overlap of orbitals.

  • A Head-on (axial) overlap of orbitals
  • B Lateral (side) overlap under typical conditions
  • C Ionic transfer according to standard textbooks
  • D Metallic orbital in general practice

Correct answer: A. Head-on (axial) overlap of orbitals

Explanation: Sigma bonds form by head-on overlap of atomic orbitals along the internuclear axis.

Linear180 deg, e.g. CO2Trigonal Planar120 deg, e.g. BF3Tetrahedral109.5 deg, e.g. CH4Trigonal Bipyramidale.g. PCl5Octahedrale.g. SF6

VSEPR theory predicts molecular shape from the number of bonding and lone electron pairs around the central atom.

Concept context

Understand how atoms join to form molecules. Covers ionic and covalent bonding, VSEPR theory, hybridization (sp, sp², sp³), molecular orbital theory, bond polarity, and intermolecular forces like hydrogen bonding.

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