Answer: I = I₀(eV/VT - 1).
- A I = I₀(eV/VT - 1)
- B I = V/R
- C I = I₀ V
- D I = I₀ e-V
Correct answer: A. I = I₀(eV/VT - 1)
Explanation: Shockley diode equation: I = I₀(eV/VT - 1) where I₀ = saturation current, VT = kT/e ≈ 26 mV at room temperature.
Conductors have overlapping bands, semiconductors have a small energy gap that can be bridged by heat or doping, and insulators have a large gap that blocks conduction.
Concept context
Band theory, p-n junction, diodes, transistors, logic gates, and integrated circuits.