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⚛️ Physics  ·  Semiconductor Electronics  ·  NEET & JEE

Negative differential resistance (NDR) is observed in:

Answer: Tunnel diodes (Esaki diodes) at forward bias.

  • A Standard ohmic resistors, where resistance never decreases with current
  • B Tunnel diodes (Esaki diodes) at forward bias
  • C Ideal p-n junction diodes under normal forward or reverse bias
  • D Ordinary Schottky diodes used for fast rectification

Correct answer: B. Tunnel diodes (Esaki diodes) at forward bias

Explanation: Tunnel diode: at certain forward bias, tunneling current decreases as bias increases (NDR region). Used in oscillators and fast switches.

Conductorconduction bandvalence bandbands overlapSemiconductorconduction bandvalence bandsmall gap (~1 eV)Insulatorconduction bandvalence bandlarge gap(> 3 eV)

Conductors have overlapping bands, semiconductors have a small energy gap that can be bridged by heat or doping, and insulators have a large gap that blocks conduction.

Concept context

Band theory, p-n junction, diodes, transistors, logic gates, and integrated circuits.

Read the full Semiconductor Electronics notes →