Answer: C × V² × f (capacitance × supply voltage squared × frequency).
- A I × V, the basic instantaneous power formula with no switching-frequency term
- B C × V² × f (capacitance × supply voltage squared × frequency)
- C V²/R, the static power dissipation formula for a simple resistor
- D I² × R, the static power dissipation formula in terms of current
Correct answer: B. C × V² × f (capacitance × supply voltage squared × frequency)
Explanation: CMOS dynamic power: P = alpha × C<sub>L</sub> × V<sub>DD</sub>² × f. Charging/discharging load capacitance each switching event. Key driver of CPU power limits.
Conductors have overlapping bands, semiconductors have a small energy gap that can be bridged by heat or doping, and insulators have a large gap that blocks conduction.
Concept context
Band theory, p-n junction, diodes, transistors, logic gates, and integrated circuits.