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⚛️ Physics  ·  Mechanical Properties of Solids  ·  NEET & JEE

A beam supported at both ends sags under its own weight. To minimize the sag (depression) without significantly increasing material used, engineers use a beam with cross-section shaped like:

Answer: An I-shaped (I-beam) cross-section.

  • A A solid circular rod during normal conditions
  • B An I-shaped (I-beam) cross-section
  • C A thin flat sheet as generally observed
  • D A solid square block in typical laboratory settings

Correct answer: B. An I-shaped (I-beam) cross-section

Explanation: I-beams concentrate material away from the neutral axis, maximizing the moment of inertia of the cross-section for a given amount of material, reducing bending.

Stress-Strain Curve for a Ductile Metal WireStrainStresselastic limityield pointUTS (max stress)fractureSlope of the straight (elastic) portion = Young's modulus Y; the curve beyond elastic limit shows permanent (plastic) deformation

A typical stress-strain curve: the initial straight line (Hooke's Law region, slope = Young's modulus) ends at the elastic limit; beyond the yield point, deformation becomes permanent, peaking at the ultimate tensile strength before the wire finally fractures.

Concept context

Stress, strain, Hookes law, and the elastic moduli that describe how solids deform and recover under load.

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