Answer: 10,000 N.
- A 10,000 N
- B 1 N
- C 100 N
- D 1000 N
Correct answer: A. 10,000 N
Explanation: Pascal's law: F<sub>1</sub>/A<sub>1</sub> = F<sub>2</sub>/A<sub>2</sub> (pressure transmitted). F<sub>2</sub> = F<sub>1</sub> × A<sub>2</sub>/A<sub>1</sub> = 100 × 1000/10 = 10,000 N. This mechanical advantage is the basis of hydraulic machines.
Since the same volume of fluid must pass every cross-section per second (continuity), the fluid speeds up where the pipe narrows; Bernoulli's equation then says this faster-moving fluid has lower pressure - the principle behind a venturi meter and an aircraft wing's lift.
Concept context
Pressure, buoyancy, Bernoulli equation, viscosity, and surface tension.