A tank has water 3.2 m deep with a hole of area 2 cm 2 at the bottom (g = 10 m/s 2 ). The volume flow rate through the hole is:

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A tank has water 3.2 m deep with a hole of area 2 cm2 at the bottom (g = 10 m/s2). The volume flow rate through the hole is:

Answer: 1.6 L/s.

A 0.8 L/s
B 3.2 L/s
C 1.6 L/s
D 0.4 L/s

Correct answer: C. 1.6 L/s

Explanation: v = √(2gh) = √64 = 8 m/s; Q = av = 2×10-4 × 8 = 1.6×10-3 m3/s = 1.6 L/s.

Since the same volume of fluid must pass every cross-section per second (continuity), the fluid speeds up where the pipe narrows; Bernoulli's equation then says this faster-moving fluid has lower pressure - the principle behind a venturi meter and an aircraft wing's lift.

Concept context

Pressure, buoyancy, Bernoulli equation, viscosity, and surface tension.

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A tank has water 3.2 m deep with a hole of area 2 cm<sup>2</sup> at the bottom (g = 10 m/s<sup>2</sup>). The volume flow rate through the hole is:

Concept context

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