Answer: Only the kinetic energy of molecules (and hence temperature).
- A Only the intermolecular potential energy, with no change in motion
- B Only the kinetic energy of molecules (and hence temperature)
- C Only the pressure directly, with the temperature staying fixed
- D Neither the temperature nor the pressure of the enclosed gas
Correct answer: B. Only the kinetic energy of molecules (and hence temperature)
Explanation: At constant volume, all heat supplied goes into increasing the internal (kinetic) energy of the gas molecules, raising its temperature, and consequently the pressure rises too (since V constant).
Not all gas molecules move at the same speed - the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution shows the spread, with the most probable speed vp slightly less than the average vavg, which is slightly less than the root-mean-square speed vrms used in the pressure formula.
Concept context
Kinetic theory of gases connects molecular motion to pressure and temperature, explaining gas laws, specific heats, and molecular speeds.