Answer: Decreases from 5 to 3 per resulting particle, since atoms only have translational degrees of freedom.
- A Increases from 5 to 6, since atoms mainly have translational freedom but more molecules exist in routine practice
- B Decreases from 5 to 3 per resulting particle, since atoms only have translational degrees of freedom
- C Stays at 5 overall in most cases under typical conditions according to standard textbooks in general practice
- D Becomes 7 as frequently described in most textbook accounts during normal conditions as generally observed
Correct answer: B. Decreases from 5 to 3 per resulting particle, since atoms only have translational degrees of freedom
Explanation: Diatomic N<sub>2</sub> molecules have f=5 (translational+rotational). After dissociation into individual N atoms, each atom (monatomic) only has translational freedom, f=3 per atom.
Not all gas molecules move at the same speed - the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution shows the spread, with the most probable speed vp slightly less than the average vavg, which is slightly less than the root-mean-square speed vrms used in the pressure formula.
Concept context
Kinetic theory of gases connects molecular motion to pressure and temperature, explaining gas laws, specific heats, and molecular speeds.