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⚛️ Physics  ·  Gravitation  ·  NEET & JEE

An astronaut in an orbiting satellite experiences weightlessness because:

Answer: Both satellite and astronaut are in free fall.

  • A No gravity in space in most cases under typical conditions
  • B Gravity is zero at that height according to standard textbooks
  • C Both satellite and astronaut are in free fall
  • D The satellite is too far from Earth in general practice

Correct answer: C. Both satellite and astronaut are in free fall

Explanation: Weightlessness occurs because the satellite and astronaut are both in free fall (continuously falling toward Earth as they orbit).

Variation of g with Height and Depthgg_surfaceAbove surface: g ∝ 1/r² (falls off curving down)Below surface: g ∝ r (falls off LINEARLY)Earth's surface (r = R)centre (r=0): g=0g is MAXIMUM exactly at the surface - it decreases in both directions, but by different laws

g is maximum at Earth's surface; going up, it falls off as 1/r² (inverse-square); going down, it falls off linearly with depth (since only the mass enclosed within radius r contributes), reaching zero at the centre.

Concept context

Universal gravitation, orbital mechanics, gravitational potential, and escape velocity.

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