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⚛️ Physics  ·  Electromagnetic Waves  ·  NEET & JEE

Microwaves are used in cooking because they:

Answer: Cause water molecules to vibrate (dielectric heating).

  • A Cause water molecules to vibrate (dielectric heating)
  • B Are strongly absorbed and reflected by metal cookware
  • C Have wavelengths longer than AM radio broadcast waves
  • D Cause ionization of atoms within the food, like X-rays

Correct answer: A. Cause water molecules to vibrate (dielectric heating)

Explanation: Microwave ovens use frequencies (~2.45 GHz) that efficiently couple to water molecules, causing them to rotate and vibrate, generating heat throughout the food uniformly.

Electromagnetic Wave: E ⊥ B ⊥ Direction of TravelpropagationE (electric field, vertical plane)B (magnetic field, horizontal plane, perpendicular to E)

In an electromagnetic wave, the oscillating electric field (E) and magnetic field (B) are perpendicular to each other and to the direction the wave travels - a purely transverse wave that needs no medium, unlike sound.

Concept context

Maxwell's equations, EM spectrum, properties, and applications of each band.

Read the full Electromagnetic Waves notes →