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⚛️ Physics  ·  Alternating Current  ·  NEET & JEE

The power factor of a purely inductive or purely capacitive AC circuit is:

Answer: 0.

  • A 0
  • B 1
  • C 0.5
  • D √2/2

Correct answer: A. 0

Explanation: For pure L or pure C, the phase angle is 90°. Power factor = cos(90°) = 0. No power is dissipated in a pure inductor or capacitor.

V and I Phase Relationships in AC CircuitsPure Inductor: I lags V by 90°VIPure Capacitor: I leads V by 90°VIMemory aid "ELI the ICE man": in an inductor (L) E(V) leads I; in a capacitor (C) I leads E(V)For a pure resistor, V and I stay perfectly in phase (no lag or lead at all)

In a pure inductor the current lags the voltage by 90° (energy is briefly stored in the magnetic field before current responds); in a pure capacitor the current leads the voltage by 90° (current must flow to build up charge before voltage rises) - the mnemonic "ELI the ICE man" keeps these straight.

Concept context

AC circuits, impedance, LCR series circuit, resonance, transformers, and power factor.

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