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⚛️ Physics  ·  Alternating Current  ·  NEET & JEE

In an AC circuit, V = 100 sin(100t) and I = 10 sin(100t - π/3). The average power is:

Answer: 250 W.

  • A 250 W
  • B 500 W
  • C 1000 W
  • D 750 W

Correct answer: A. 250 W

Explanation: P<sub>avg</sub> = (V<sub>0</sub> I<sub>0</sub>/2) cos(φ) = (100 × 10/2) × cos(π/3) = 500 × 0.5 = 250 W.

V and I Phase Relationships in AC CircuitsPure Inductor: I lags V by 90°VIPure Capacitor: I leads V by 90°VIMemory aid "ELI the ICE man": in an inductor (L) E(V) leads I; in a capacitor (C) I leads E(V)For a pure resistor, V and I stay perfectly in phase (no lag or lead at all)

In a pure inductor the current lags the voltage by 90° (energy is briefly stored in the magnetic field before current responds); in a pure capacitor the current leads the voltage by 90° (current must flow to build up charge before voltage rises) - the mnemonic "ELI the ICE man" keeps these straight.

Concept context

AC circuits, impedance, LCR series circuit, resonance, transformers, and power factor.

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