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⚛️ Physics  ·  Alternating Current  ·  NEET & JEE

A 60 W bulb is connected to 120 V AC. What is the RMS current?

Answer: 0.5 A.

  • A 0.5 A
  • B 2 A
  • C 60 A
  • D 120 A

Correct answer: A. 0.5 A

Explanation: P = V<sub>rms</sub> × I<sub>rms</sub> × cos(φ). For pure resistive bulb, cos(φ) = 1. I<sub>rms</sub> = P/V<sub>rms</sub> = 60/120 = 0.5 A.

V and I Phase Relationships in AC CircuitsPure Inductor: I lags V by 90°VIPure Capacitor: I leads V by 90°VIMemory aid "ELI the ICE man": in an inductor (L) E(V) leads I; in a capacitor (C) I leads E(V)For a pure resistor, V and I stay perfectly in phase (no lag or lead at all)

In a pure inductor the current lags the voltage by 90° (energy is briefly stored in the magnetic field before current responds); in a pure capacitor the current leads the voltage by 90° (current must flow to build up charge before voltage rises) - the mnemonic "ELI the ICE man" keeps these straight.

Concept context

AC circuits, impedance, LCR series circuit, resonance, transformers, and power factor.

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