Answer: Dissolving a gas in liquid.
- A Melting of ice
- B Dissolving a gas in liquid
- C Vaporisation of water
- D Dissolution of NaCl in water
Correct answer: B. Dissolving a gas in liquid
Explanation: Dissolving a gas in liquid reduces disorder (gas → dissolved species), so ΔS < 0. Other options all increase disorder.
Isothermal expansion follows a gentler curve (heat flows in to keep T constant) while adiabatic expansion drops in pressure more steeply (no heat exchange, so internal energy and temperature fall as the gas does work).
Concept context
Study energy changes in chemical reactions. Understand enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs free energy, and the laws of thermodynamics that decide whether a reaction will occur spontaneously or not.