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🧪 Chemistry  ·  Thermodynamics  ·  NEET & JEE

According to the equation ΔU = q + w, when work is done on the system, the sign of w is:

Answer: Positive.

  • A Negative
  • B Positive
  • C Zero
  • D Infinite

Correct answer: B. Positive

Explanation: In the IUPAC convention, work done on the system increases internal energy and is taken as positive; work done by the system is negative.

P-V Diagram: Isothermal vs Adiabatic ExpansionVPIsothermal (T constant)Adiabatic (q=0)Adiabatic curve is steeper: no heat enters to cushion the pressure drop

Isothermal expansion follows a gentler curve (heat flows in to keep T constant) while adiabatic expansion drops in pressure more steeply (no heat exchange, so internal energy and temperature fall as the gas does work).

Concept context

Study energy changes in chemical reactions. Understand enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs free energy, and the laws of thermodynamics that decide whether a reaction will occur spontaneously or not.

Read the full Thermodynamics notes →