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🧪 Chemistry  ·  Redox Reactions  ·  NEET & JEE

In the reaction: 3Cl<sub>2</sub> + 6NaOH (hot and conc.) → 5NaCl + NaClO<sub>3</sub> + 3H<sub>2</sub>O, which of the following statements is correct?

Answer: Cl disproportionates: 0 → -1 (in NaCl) and 0 → +5 (in NaClO 3 ).

  • A Cl is mainly reduced, with every chlorine atom ending up as chloride ion
  • B Cl disproportionates: 0 → -1 (in NaCl) and 0 → +5 (in NaClO<sub>3</sub>)
  • C Cl is mainly oxidised, with every chlorine atom ending up in NaClO<sub>3</sub>
  • D NaOH itself acts as the reducing agent that is consumed in this reaction

Correct answer: B. Cl disproportionates: 0 → -1 (in NaCl) and 0 → +5 (in NaClO<sub>3</sub>)

Explanation: Cl₂ (0) in hot concentrated NaOH disproportionates more extensively: Cl goes to -1 in NaCl (reduced) and +5 in NaClO₃ (oxidised). This contrasts with cold NaOH giving NaOCl (+1).

Electron Transfer: Zn + Cu²⁺ → Zn²⁺ + CuZnloses 2e⁻OXIDISED (Zn → Zn²⁺)2e⁻Cu²⁺gains 2e⁻REDUCED (Cu²⁺ → Cu)Zn = reducing agentCu²⁺ = oxidising agent

Electron transfer in a redox reaction: zinc loses electrons (oxidised, acts as reducing agent) and copper(II) ions gain those same electrons (reduced, acts as oxidising agent).

Concept context

Master electron transfer in chemistry: assign oxidation states, balance half-reactions, identify oxidising and reducing agents, and connect redox to everyday reactions.

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