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Which order correctly represents the decreasing -I (electron-withdrawing) inductive effect?

Answer: -NO 2 > -CN > -F.

  • A -F > -NO<sub>2</sub> > -CN
  • B -NO<sub>2</sub> > -CN > -F
  • C -CN > -F > -NO<sub>2</sub>
  • D -F > -CN > -NO<sub>2</sub>

Correct answer: B. -NO<sub>2</sub> > -CN > -F

Explanation: The accepted -I order places -NO<sub>2</sub> above -CN, which is above the halogens, so -NO<sub>2</sub> > -CN > -F.

cis isomerClHClHsame side(Cl groups together)trans isomerClHHClopposite sides(Cl groups apart)

Geometric (cis-trans) isomers of 1,2-dichloroethene differ only in the relative arrangement of groups across the rigid C=C double bond.

Concept context

General Organic Chemistry covers the rules behind all organic reactions. Covers inductive effect, resonance, hyperconjugation, types of reactions (substitution, addition, elimination), and isomerism including optical and geometric forms.

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