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🧪 Chemistry  ·  Hydrogen  ·  NEET & JEE

H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> structure has a dihedral angle of about 111° in the gas phase because:

Answer: Lone pair repulsion on oxygen atoms causes non-planar structure.

  • A Lone pair repulsion on oxygen atoms causes non-planar structure
  • B Both O-H bonds being chemically equivalent forces a planar geometry
  • C Ordinary water adopts an identical open-book dihedral structure
  • D The O-O linkage is actually a triple bond restricting rotation

Correct answer: A. Lone pair repulsion on oxygen atoms causes non-planar structure

Explanation: Each oxygen in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> has two lone pairs; their repulsion twists the molecule into a non-planar 'book' structure.

Hydrogen Bonding Network in WaterOHHOHHOHHOHHDashed green lines = hydrogen bonds (weaker than O-H covalent bonds)

Each water molecule's O-H bonds (covalent, solid) can hydrogen-bond (dashed) to neighbouring molecules, forming an extended network responsible for water's unusually high boiling point and density anomaly.

Concept context

The simplest and most abundant element in the universe. Study its unique position in the periodic table, isotopes (protium, deuterium, tritium), properties of water and hydrogen peroxide, and industrial uses.

Read the full Hydrogen notes →