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What is the isoelectric point (pI) of an amino acid?

Answer: The pH at which the amino acid has no net charge (zwitterion).

  • A The pH at which the amino acid has no net charge (zwitterion)
  • B The pH at which the amino acid is fully protonated on both ends
  • C The pKa value of the carboxyl group alone
  • D The pH at which the amino acid shows maximum aqueous solubility

Correct answer: A. The pH at which the amino acid has no net charge (zwitterion)

Explanation: At the isoelectric point, the amino acid exists as a neutral zwitterion with equal positive and negative charges.

Peptide Bond Formation (Condensation)H₂N-CH(R₁)-C(=O)OHAmino acid 1+HNH-CH(R₂)-COOHAmino acid 2H₂N-CH(R₁)-CO-NH-CH(R₂)-COOHDipeptide+ H₂OThe -OH (from acid 1) and -H (from amine 2) combine to release water, forming the -CO-NH- peptide bond

Two amino acids join via a condensation reaction: the carboxyl -OH of one and an amine -H of the other are eliminated as water, leaving a peptide bond (-CO-NH-) linking them into a dipeptide; repeating this builds a full protein chain.

Concept context

The chemistry of life: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, enzymes, and vitamins. Understand their structures, classification, and biological functions. Highly relevant for NEET and Class 12 board exams.

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