Answer: Hofmann degradation.
- A Hofmann degradation
- B Curtius rearrangement
- C Gabriel synthesis
- D Schmidt reaction
Correct answer: A. Hofmann degradation
Explanation: Hofmann degradation or bromamide reaction converts RCONH<sub>2</sub> to RNH<sub>2</sub> (one less carbon).
In aniline, the nitrogen's lone pair is pulled into the benzene ring through resonance, leaving less electron density available to accept a proton - which is why aniline is a much weaker base than methylamine, where the lone pair is fully available.
Concept context
Nitrogen-containing organic compounds. Covers classification (primary, secondary, tertiary), basicity comparison, preparation methods, and reactions including diazotization and coupling, key for understanding dyes and pharmaceuticals.