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🔬 Biology  ·  Microbes in Human Welfare  ·  NEET

The process by which sewage effluent is released into water bodies after treatment is regulated by measuring which parameter?

Answer: BOD reduction to acceptable levels.

  • A Mainly pH levels measured before discharge
  • B BOD reduction to acceptable levels
  • C Chlorine concentration measured before discharge
  • D Turbidity alone measured before discharge

Correct answer: B. BOD reduction to acceptable levels

Explanation: After secondary treatment, the effluent is released into water bodies only after its BOD has been sufficiently reduced to acceptable levels, ensuring minimal environmental impact.

Sewage Treatment FlowPrimaryphysical filtering+ sedimentationSecondary (aerobic)aeration tank, flocsconsume organic matterActivated sludgesettles out;part reused as inoculumSludge digesterANAEROBIC →biogas (CH₄)Note the switch: aerobic microbes in the tank, anaerobic microbes in the digester

Sewage passes through physical removal (primary), then aerobic biological treatment where microbes form flocs that consume organic matter (secondary); the settled activated sludge is then digested anaerobically to produce biogas - a deliberate switch from aerobic to anaerobic conditions between stages.

Concept context

Microorganisms in food, medicine, sewage treatment, biocontrol, and biofertilizers

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