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🔬 Biology  ·  Microbes in Human Welfare  ·  NEET

Cyclosporin A and statins are both microbial products used as medicines, but they differ in action. Which pairing is correct?

Answer: Cyclosporin A suppresses immunity; statins lower cholesterol.

  • A Cyclosporin A lowers cholesterol; statins suppress immunity
  • B Cyclosporin A is an antibiotic; statins are immunosuppressants
  • C Both lower blood cholesterol levels
  • D Cyclosporin A suppresses immunity; statins lower cholesterol

Correct answer: D. Cyclosporin A suppresses immunity; statins lower cholesterol

Explanation: Cyclosporin A, from Trichoderma polysporum, is an immunosuppressant used in organ transplants, while statins, from Monascus purpureus, act as blood-cholesterol lowering agents.

Sewage Treatment FlowPrimaryphysical filtering+ sedimentationSecondary (aerobic)aeration tank, flocsconsume organic matterActivated sludgesettles out;part reused as inoculumSludge digesterANAEROBIC →biogas (CH₄)Note the switch: aerobic microbes in the tank, anaerobic microbes in the digester

Sewage passes through physical removal (primary), then aerobic biological treatment where microbes form flocs that consume organic matter (secondary); the settled activated sludge is then digested anaerobically to produce biogas - a deliberate switch from aerobic to anaerobic conditions between stages.

Concept context

Microorganisms in food, medicine, sewage treatment, biocontrol, and biofertilizers

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