Answer: Autoimmune destruction of beta cells (no insulin produced).
- A Down-regulation of GLUT4 receptors on target cells reducing glucose uptake
- B Autoimmune destruction of beta cells (no insulin produced)
- C Chronic excess caloric intake leading to adipose tissue expansion
- D Glomerular damage impairing glucose reabsorption in the nephron
Correct answer: B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells (no insulin produced)
Explanation: Type 1 diabetes: autoimmune disease where the immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells. No insulin produced; lifelong insulin therapy required.
The hypothalamus releases hormones that direct the pituitary, which releases its own trophic hormone to a target gland; that gland's hormone output then feeds back (dashed lines) to suppress both the pituitary and hypothalamus once levels are sufficient - a self-correcting loop running the entire endocrine system.
Concept context
The endocrine glands, hormone classification and mechanism of action, and negative feedback regulation.