Answer: Adrenaline and noradrenaline, preparing the body for a fight-or-flight response.
- A Adrenaline and noradrenaline, preparing the body for a fight-or-flight response
- B Androgens, contributing to secondary sexual characteristics according to most studies
- C Aldosterone, regulating sodium and water balance as generally observed in typical laboratory settings
- D Cortisol, helping the body cope with prolonged stress under usual circumstances
Correct answer: A. Adrenaline and noradrenaline, preparing the body for a fight-or-flight response
Explanation: The adrenal medulla releases adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline in response to stress, increasing heart rate, blood glucose, and blood flow to muscles for a fight-or-flight response.
The hypothalamus releases hormones that direct the pituitary, which releases its own trophic hormone to a target gland; that gland's hormone output then feeds back (dashed lines) to suppress both the pituitary and hypothalamus once levels are sufficient - a self-correcting loop running the entire endocrine system.
Concept context
The endocrine glands, hormone classification and mechanism of action, and negative feedback regulation.