Answer: Residual volume.
- A Inspiratory reserve volume
- B Tidal volume
- C Residual volume
- D Vital capacity
Correct answer: C. Residual volume
Explanation: Residual volume is the air that always remains in the lungs after maximum exhalation, preventing the lungs from collapsing.
The S-shaped (sigmoid) curve reflects cooperative binding between Hb's four O₂ sites; the Bohr effect shifts the whole curve to the right under conditions found in actively respiring tissue (more CO₂, more acid, more heat), making haemoglobin release oxygen more readily exactly where it's needed.
Concept context
The mechanics of breathing, lung volumes, gas transport in blood, the Bohr effect, and respiratory regulation.