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🔬 Biology  ·  Breathing and Exchange of Gases  ·  NEET

The muscles present between the ribs that assist in breathing are the:

Answer: Intercostal muscles.

  • A Intercostal muscles
  • B Pectoral muscles
  • C Abdominal muscles
  • D Cardiac muscles

Correct answer: A. Intercostal muscles

Explanation: The external and internal intercostal muscles lie between successive ribs and help raise and lower the rib cage during breathing.

O₂-Haemoglobin Dissociation CurvepO₂% Hb saturatedresting curveshifted RIGHT (Bohr effect:↑CO₂, ↑H⁺, ↑temperature)Sigmoid shape = cooperative binding; right-shift means O₂ is released more easily in active tissue

The S-shaped (sigmoid) curve reflects cooperative binding between Hb's four O₂ sites; the Bohr effect shifts the whole curve to the right under conditions found in actively respiring tissue (more CO₂, more acid, more heat), making haemoglobin release oxygen more readily exactly where it's needed.

Concept context

The mechanics of breathing, lung volumes, gas transport in blood, the Bohr effect, and respiratory regulation.

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