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🔬 Biology  ·  Breathing and Exchange of Gases  ·  NEET

The maximum volume of air a person can breathe in and out with effort is the:

Answer: vital capacity.

  • A vital capacity
  • B tidal volume
  • C residual volume
  • D anatomical dead space

Correct answer: A. vital capacity

Explanation: Vital capacity is the greatest volume that can be exhaled after a full inhalation.

O₂-Haemoglobin Dissociation CurvepO₂% Hb saturatedresting curveshifted RIGHT (Bohr effect:↑CO₂, ↑H⁺, ↑temperature)Sigmoid shape = cooperative binding; right-shift means O₂ is released more easily in active tissue

The S-shaped (sigmoid) curve reflects cooperative binding between Hb's four O₂ sites; the Bohr effect shifts the whole curve to the right under conditions found in actively respiring tissue (more CO₂, more acid, more heat), making haemoglobin release oxygen more readily exactly where it's needed.

Concept context

The mechanics of breathing, lung volumes, gas transport in blood, the Bohr effect, and respiratory regulation.

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