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🔬 Biology  ·  Breathing and Exchange of Gases  ·  NEET

The Haldane effect explains why deoxygenated blood carries more CO<sub>2</sub>, because reduced haemoglobin:

Answer: Binds CO 2 and H + more readily.

  • A Binds oxygen more strongly
  • B Blocks carbonic anhydrase
  • C Prevents the chloride shift
  • D Binds CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sup>+</sup> more readily

Correct answer: D. Binds CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sup>+</sup> more readily

Explanation: Deoxygenated (reduced) haemoglobin has a greater capacity to bind H<sup>+</sup> and form carbamino compounds, so venous blood transports more carbon dioxide.

O₂-Haemoglobin Dissociation CurvepO₂% Hb saturatedresting curveshifted RIGHT (Bohr effect:↑CO₂, ↑H⁺, ↑temperature)Sigmoid shape = cooperative binding; right-shift means O₂ is released more easily in active tissue

The S-shaped (sigmoid) curve reflects cooperative binding between Hb's four O₂ sites; the Bohr effect shifts the whole curve to the right under conditions found in actively respiring tissue (more CO₂, more acid, more heat), making haemoglobin release oxygen more readily exactly where it's needed.

Concept context

The mechanics of breathing, lung volumes, gas transport in blood, the Bohr effect, and respiratory regulation.

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