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🔬 Biology  ·  Breathing and Exchange of Gases  ·  NEET

About 97 percent of oxygen is carried by haemoglobin, yet the small dissolved fraction in plasma is physiologically important because it:

Answer: Determines the partial pressure that drives loading.

  • A Determines the partial pressure that drives loading
  • B Neutralises blood pH
  • C Activates carbonic anhydrase
  • D Forms carbamino compounds

Correct answer: A. Determines the partial pressure that drives loading

Explanation: The dissolved oxygen establishes the partial pressure (pO<sub>2</sub>) of blood, and it is this pressure gradient that governs binding and release of oxygen by haemoglobin.

O₂-Haemoglobin Dissociation CurvepO₂% Hb saturatedresting curveshifted RIGHT (Bohr effect:↑CO₂, ↑H⁺, ↑temperature)Sigmoid shape = cooperative binding; right-shift means O₂ is released more easily in active tissue

The S-shaped (sigmoid) curve reflects cooperative binding between Hb's four O₂ sites; the Bohr effect shifts the whole curve to the right under conditions found in actively respiring tissue (more CO₂, more acid, more heat), making haemoglobin release oxygen more readily exactly where it's needed.

Concept context

The mechanics of breathing, lung volumes, gas transport in blood, the Bohr effect, and respiratory regulation.

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