Answer: Fats are more highly reduced (more C-H bonds).
- A Fats contain a greater proportion of oxygen atoms per carbon skeleton
- B Fats are more highly reduced (more C-H bonds)
- C Fats are built from longer unbranched carbon chains than glucose polymers
- D Fats are insoluble in water and stored within dedicated adipocyte vacuoles
Correct answer: B. Fats are more highly reduced (more C-H bonds)
Explanation: Fats have a higher degree of reduction (more C-H bonds, less C-O bonds) compared to carbohydrates. More reduced carbon means more electrons available for the ETC, yielding more ATP.
As substrate concentration rises, reaction rate increases steeply at first, then plateaus at Vmax once every enzyme molecule is working at full capacity; Km is the substrate concentration giving half-maximal rate, and a LOWER Km means the enzyme reaches that rate with less substrate (higher affinity).
Concept context
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and enzyme kinetics. Essential foundation for understanding metabolism.