Answer: Hydrogen bonds between backbone atoms.
- A Disulfide bonds linking cysteine residues
- B Ionic interactions between charged side chains
- C Hydrogen bonds between backbone atoms
- D Hydrophobic interactions burying nonpolar residues
Correct answer: C. Hydrogen bonds between backbone atoms
Explanation: Secondary structures (alpha helices and beta sheets) are stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the carbonyl oxygen and amide hydrogen of the peptide backbone.
As substrate concentration rises, reaction rate increases steeply at first, then plateaus at Vmax once every enzyme molecule is working at full capacity; Km is the substrate concentration giving half-maximal rate, and a LOWER Km means the enzyme reaches that rate with less substrate (higher affinity).
Concept context
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and enzyme kinetics. Essential foundation for understanding metabolism.