Answer: High CO2 and low pH.
- A High O2 and low CO2
- B Low CO2 and high pH
- C High CO2 and low pH
- D High pH and low temperature
Correct answer: C. High CO2 and low pH
Explanation: The Bohr effect: high CO2 (lowers pH by forming carbonic acid) and high H+ decrease hemoglobin affinity for O2. This promotes O2 release in active tissues where CO2 is produced.
As substrate concentration rises, reaction rate increases steeply at first, then plateaus at Vmax once every enzyme molecule is working at full capacity; Km is the substrate concentration giving half-maximal rate, and a LOWER Km means the enzyme reaches that rate with less substrate (higher affinity).
Concept context
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and enzyme kinetics. Essential foundation for understanding metabolism.