Answer: (3/2)kT.
- A kT
- B (1/2)kT
- C (3/2)kT
- D 3kT
Correct answer: C. (3/2)kT
Explanation: Average KE per molecule = (3/2)kT for a monatomic ideal gas. k = 1.38 x 10<sup>-23</sup> J/K (Boltzmann constant).
The Carnot cycle alternates two isothermal steps (heat absorbed at TH, released at TC) with two adiabatic steps (no heat exchange); the enclosed loop area equals the net work output, and η = 1−TC/TH is the maximum possible efficiency between those two temperatures.
Concept context
Laws of thermodynamics, heat engines, entropy, and gas processes.