Answer: v p rms.
- A v<sub>p</sub> = v<sub>rms</sub>
- B v<sub>p</sub> < v<sub>rms</sub>
- C v<sub>p</sub> > v<sub>rms</sub>
- D v<sub>p</sub> = 0
Correct answer: B. v<sub>p</sub> < v<sub>rms</sub>
Explanation: v<sub>p</sub> = sqrt(2RT/M), v<sub>rms</sub> = sqrt(3RT/M). Ratio v<sub>p</sub>/v<sub>rms</sub> = sqrt(2/3) < 1. So v<sub>p</sub> < v<sub>rms</sub>.
The Carnot cycle alternates two isothermal steps (heat absorbed at TH, released at TC) with two adiabatic steps (no heat exchange); the enclosed loop area equals the net work output, and η = 1−TC/TH is the maximum possible efficiency between those two temperatures.
Concept context
Laws of thermodynamics, heat engines, entropy, and gas processes.