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⚛️ Physics  ·  Thermodynamics  ·  NEET & JEE

Joule-Thomson effect: when a real gas expands through a porous plug at constant enthalpy, temperature:

Answer: Can increase or decrease depending on inversion temperature.

  • A Usually increases regardless of the gas's initial temperature
  • B Usually decreases regardless of the gas's initial temperature
  • C Can increase or decrease depending on inversion temperature
  • D Stays exactly constant throughout the entire expansion process

Correct answer: C. Can increase or decrease depending on inversion temperature

Explanation: Below the inversion temperature, gas cools on expansion (most gases at room T). Above inversion T, gas heats up. Temperature change depends on inversion temperature.

Carnot Cycle (P-V Diagram)VP1→2: isothermal expansion (T_H)2→3: adiabatic expansion3→4: isothermal compression (T_C)4→1: adiabatic compression1234Net work done by the gas = area enclosed by the loop 1→2→3→4→1

The Carnot cycle alternates two isothermal steps (heat absorbed at TH, released at TC) with two adiabatic steps (no heat exchange); the enclosed loop area equals the net work output, and η = 1−TC/TH is the maximum possible efficiency between those two temperatures.

Concept context

Laws of thermodynamics, heat engines, entropy, and gas processes.

Read the full Thermodynamics notes →