Answer: Number of microstates.
- A Temperature
- B Number of microstates
- C Pressure x Volume
- D Enthalpy
Correct answer: B. Number of microstates
Explanation: Boltzmann's entropy formula: S = k ln(omega), where omega is the number of microscopic states (microstates) for the macrostate.
The Carnot cycle alternates two isothermal steps (heat absorbed at TH, released at TC) with two adiabatic steps (no heat exchange); the enclosed loop area equals the net work output, and η = 1−TC/TH is the maximum possible efficiency between those two temperatures.
Concept context
Laws of thermodynamics, heat engines, entropy, and gas processes.