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⚛️ Physics  ·  Thermodynamics  ·  NEET & JEE

An ideal gas undergoes free expansion into a vacuum inside an insulated container. Its temperature:

Answer: remains unchanged.

  • A increases
  • B decreases
  • C remains unchanged
  • D becomes zero

Correct answer: C. remains unchanged

Explanation: No work is done and no heat exchanged, so ΔU = 0 and the temperature of an ideal gas stays constant.

Carnot Cycle (P-V Diagram)VP1→2: isothermal expansion (T_H)2→3: adiabatic expansion3→4: isothermal compression (T_C)4→1: adiabatic compression1234Net work done by the gas = area enclosed by the loop 1→2→3→4→1

The Carnot cycle alternates two isothermal steps (heat absorbed at TH, released at TC) with two adiabatic steps (no heat exchange); the enclosed loop area equals the net work output, and η = 1−TC/TH is the maximum possible efficiency between those two temperatures.

Concept context

Laws of thermodynamics, heat engines, entropy, and gas processes.

Read the full Thermodynamics notes →