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⚛️ Physics  ·  Thermal Properties of Matter  ·  NEET & JEE

A metal sphere cools from 80°C to 60°C in 5 minutes when the surrounding temperature is 20°C. By Newtons law of cooling, the initial excess temperature of the sphere over its surroundings is:

Answer: 60°C.

  • A 20°C
  • B 40°C
  • C 60°C
  • D 80°C

Correct answer: C. 60°C

Explanation: Initial excess temperature = body temperature minus surrounding temperature = 80°C - 20°C = 60°C, the driving temperature difference that determines the initial cooling rate.

Heating Curve: Ice → Water → SteamHeat added (Q)T (°C)ice warms (-ve→0°C)melting (0°C, latent heat)water warms (0→100°C)boiling (100°C, latent heat)FLAT regions = phase change (all heat goes into breaking bonds, NOT raising temperature)

During a phase change (melting or boiling), temperature stays constant while heat is absorbed entirely as latent heat (Q=mL); temperature only rises again once the substance is fully in its new phase.

Concept context

Temperature scales, thermal expansion, calorimetry, and the three modes of heat transfer including radiation laws.

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