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📐 Mathematics  ·  Principle of Mathematical Induction  ·  JEE

To prove the sum of the first n odd numbers equals n<sup>2</sup>, what is the inductive hypothesis P(k)?

Answer: 1+3+5+...+(2k-1) = k 2.

  • A 1+3+5+...+(2k-1) = k<sup>2</sup>
  • B 1+3+5+...+(2k+1) = k<sup>2</sup>
  • C 1+2+...+k = k<sup>2</sup>
  • D k = k<sup>2</sup>

Correct answer: A. 1+3+5+...+(2k-1) = k<sup>2</sup>

Explanation: P(k) states that the sum of the first k odd numbers, 1+3+5+...+(2k-1), equals k<sup>2.</sup>

Induction as a Domino ChainP(1): base case fallsP(k) knocks down P(k+1)...and so on, foreverBase case = first domino tipped; inductive step = each domino guaranteed to tip the next one

Mathematical induction works like a row of dominoes: proving the base case P(1) tips the first domino, and proving the inductive step (P(k) ⟹ P(k+1)) guarantees each domino knocks over the next - together these two facts guarantee ALL dominoes fall, without checking each one individually.

Concept context

A proof technique used to establish that a statement is true for every natural number, using a base case and an inductive step.

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