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📐 Mathematics  ·  Class 11  ·  JEE

Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations - Practice Questions with Answers

128 free MCQs on Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations with worked answers and explanations. Complex numbers in a+ib form, modulus, argument, polar form, cube roots of unity, and quadratic equations with complex roots

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Below are 128 practice questions on Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations, sorted Easy → Hard. Tap “Show answer & explanation” under any question to check yourself. Want the full theory first? Read the Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations notes.

Argand Plane: z = a + ibReImz = a+iba (real part)b (imaginary part)θ = arg(z)|z| = length of the vector OZ = √(a²+b²); θ = angle OZ makes with the positive real axis

A complex number z = a+ib is plotted as a point (or vector from the origin) on the Argand plane, with the real part along the horizontal axis and the imaginary part along the vertical; its modulus |z| is the vector's length, and its argument θ is the angle from the positive real axis.

Easy - 40 questions

Q1.

What is the standard form of a quadratic equation?

  • A ax + b = 0
  • B ax² + bx + c = 0
  • C ax³ + bx + c = 0
  • D a/x + b = 0
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. ax² + bx + c = 0

Why: The standard form is ax² + bx + c = 0, where a, b, c are constants and a ≠ 0.

Q2.

Solve: x² - 4 = 0

  • A x = 2, just one of the two valid roots
  • B x = -2, just the other valid root alone
  • C x = ±2
  • D x = ±4, doubling the actual correct values
Show answer & explanation

Answer: C. x = ±2

Why: x² = 4, so x = ±√4 = ±2. Square roots always give two values (positive and negative).

Q3.

The discriminant of ax² + bx + c = 0 is:

  • A b - 4ac
  • B b² + 4ac
  • C b² - 4ac
  • D b² - 2ac
Show answer & explanation

Answer: C. b² - 4ac

Why: Discriminant D = b² - 4ac. It determines the nature of roots.

Q4.

If D = 0, the roots of the quadratic equation are:

  • A Two distinct real roots
  • B One repeated real root
  • C Two imaginary roots
  • D No roots
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. One repeated real root

Why: When D = 0, the quadratic has exactly one repeated real root: x = -b/2a.

Q5.

Find the roots of x² - 5x + 6 = 0.

  • A 2 and 3
  • B 1 and 6
  • C 2 and -3
  • D -2 and -3
Show answer & explanation

Answer: A. 2 and 3

Why: Factorize: (x-2)(x-3) = 0, so x = 2 or x = 3.

Q6.

The sum of roots of ax² + bx + c = 0 is:

  • A c/a
  • B b/a
  • C -b/a
  • D -c/a
Show answer & explanation

Answer: C. -b/a

Why: Sum of roots alpha + beta = -b/a (Vieta's formula).

Q7.

The product of roots of ax² + bx + c = 0 is:

  • A -b/a
  • B c/a
  • C -c/a
  • D b/a
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. c/a

Why: Product of roots alpha × beta = c/a (Vieta's formula).

Q8.

Solve: x² + 2x - 8 = 0

  • A 2 and -4
  • B 2 and 4
  • C -2 and 4
  • D -2 and -4
Show answer & explanation

Answer: A. 2 and -4

Why: Factors: (x+4)(x-2) = 0, so x = -4 or x = 2.

Q9.

Find the discriminant of x² + 4x + 4 = 0.

  • A 0
  • B 16
  • C 32
  • D -16
Show answer & explanation

Answer: A. 0

Why: D = b² - 4ac = 16 - 4(1)(4) = 16 - 16 = 0. Equal roots.

Q10.

If D > 0, the roots are:

  • A Imaginary
  • B Equal and real
  • C Distinct and real
  • D All of these
Show answer & explanation

Answer: C. Distinct and real

Why: When D > 0, the quadratic has two distinct real roots. The larger D is, the farther apart the roots.

Q11.

The roots of x² - 1 = 0 are:

  • A 0 and 1
  • B 1 and -1
  • C ±√2
  • D None
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. 1 and -1

Why: x² = 1 gives x = 1 or x = -1. These are also the factor (x-1)(x+1) = 0.

Q12.

Quadratic equation with roots 3 and 5 is:

  • A x² - 8x + 15 = 0
  • B x² + 8x + 15 = 0
  • C x² - 15x + 8 = 0
  • D x² + 15 = 0
Show answer & explanation

Answer: A. x² - 8x + 15 = 0

Why: Sum = 8, product = 15. Equation: x² - (sum)x + product = 0, so x² - 8x + 15 = 0.

Q13.

The quadratic formula is:

  • A x = (-b ± √D) / 2a
  • B x = (b ± √D) / 2a
  • C x = (-b ± D) / 2a
  • D x = (-b ± √D) / a
Show answer & explanation

Answer: A. x = (-b ± √D) / 2a

Why: Quadratic formula: x = (-b ± sqrt(b² - 4ac)) / 2a. Works for all quadratic equations.

Q14.

Find the sum of roots of 2x² + 3x + 1 = 0.

  • A 3/2
  • B -3/2
  • C 1/2
  • D 3
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. -3/2

Why: Sum = -b/a = -3/2.

Q15.

If D < 0, the roots are:

  • A Real and distinct
  • B Real and equal
  • C Not real (imaginary)
  • D Rational
Show answer & explanation

Answer: C. Not real (imaginary)

Why: When D < 0, sqrt(D) is imaginary. The roots are complex conjugates (not real).

Q16.

The product of roots of 3x² - 6x + 2 = 0 is:

  • A 2
  • B 2/3
  • C 6
  • D -2
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. 2/3

Why: Product = c/a = 2/3.

Q17.

Which of these is NOT a method to solve quadratic equations?

  • A Factorization
  • B Quadratic formula
  • C Completing the square
  • D Long division only
Show answer & explanation

Answer: D. Long division only

Why: Standard methods: factorization, quadratic formula, completing the square, and graphical method.

Q18.

x = 3 is a root of x² - 5x + 6 = 0. Find the other root.

  • A 1
  • B 2
  • C 3
  • D 4
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. 2

Why: Sum of roots = 5, so other root = 5 - 3 = 2. Or product = 6, so other = 6/3 = 2.

Q19.

Solve x² + x = 0 (x is not zero).

  • A x = 1
  • B x = -1
  • C x = 0
  • D x = 2
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. x = -1

Why: x² + x = 0, x(x+1) = 0, so x = 0 or x = -1. Since x is not zero, x = -1.

Q20.

For the equation 4x² - 12x + 9 = 0, the nature of roots is:

  • A Two distinct real roots
  • B Two equal real roots
  • C No real roots
  • D One positive one negative
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. Two equal real roots

Why: D = 144 - 4(4)(9) = 144 - 144 = 0. Equal roots: x = 12/8 = 3/2.

Q21.

The value of i² is:

  • A 1
  • B i
  • C -1
  • D -i
Show answer & explanation

Answer: C. -1

Why: By definition, i = sqrt(-1), so i<sup>2</sup> = -1.

Q22.

The value of i³ is:

  • A 1
  • B i
  • C -1
  • D -i
Show answer & explanation

Answer: D. -i

Why: i<sup>3</sup> = i<sup>2</sup> x i = -1 x i = -i.

Q23.

The value of i⁴ is:

  • A -1
  • B 0
  • C 1
  • D i
Show answer & explanation

Answer: C. 1

Why: i<sup>4</sup> = (i<sup>2</sup>)<sup>2</sup> = (-1)<sup>2</sup> = 1. Powers of i cycle: i, -1, -i, 1, i, -1, ...

Q24.

For z = 3 + 4i, the real part is:

  • A 4
  • B 3
  • C 5
  • D -3
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. 3

Why: In z = a + ib, Re(z) = a. Here z = 3 + 4i, so Re(z) = 3.

Q25.

For z = 3 + 4i, the modulus |z| is:

  • A 3
  • B 4
  • C 5
  • D 7
Show answer & explanation

Answer: C. 5

Why: |z| = sqrt(3<sup>2</sup> + 4<sup>2</sup>) = sqrt(9+16) = sqrt(25) = 5.

Q26.

The conjugate of z = 5 - 3i is:

  • A -5 - 3i
  • B 5 - 3i
  • C -5 + 3i
  • D 5 + 3i
Show answer & explanation

Answer: D. 5 + 3i

Why: Conjugate of a + ib is a - ib. So conjugate of 5 - 3i is 5 + 3i.

Q27.

(2 + 3i) + (4 - i) =

  • A 2 + 4i
  • B 6 - 2i
  • C 6 + 2i
  • D 6 + 4i
Show answer & explanation

Answer: C. 6 + 2i

Why: Add real parts: 2+4=6. Add imaginary parts: 3+(-1)=2. Result: 6 + 2i.

Q28.

(3 + 2i)(3 - 2i) =

  • A 5
  • B 9
  • C 13
  • D 6
Show answer & explanation

Answer: C. 13

Why: (a+ib)(a-ib) = a<sup>2</sup> + b<sup>2.</sup> Here (3+2i)(3-2i) = 9 + 4 = 13.

Q29.

If z = a + ib, then z × z-bar (conjugate) =

  • A a² - b²
  • B 2ab
  • C a² + b²
  • D a + b
Show answer & explanation

Answer: C. a² + b²

Why: z x z-bar = (a+ib)(a-ib) = a<sup>2</sup>+b<sup>2</sup> = |z|<sup>2.</sup>

Q30.

The imaginary part of z = 7 - 2i is:

  • A 7
  • B -2i
  • C -2
  • D 2
Show answer & explanation

Answer: C. -2

Why: In z = a+ib, Im(z) = b (just the coefficient). Here Im(z) = -2.

Q31.

1/i simplifies to:

  • A 1
  • B i
  • C -1
  • D -i
Show answer & explanation

Answer: D. -i

Why: 1/i = i/(i x i) = i/(-1) = -i. Alternatively, multiply top and bottom by i.

Q32.

The modulus of i is:

  • A 0
  • B 1
  • C -1
  • D sqrt(2)
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. 1

Why: i = 0 + 1i. |i| = sqrt(0<sup>2</sup>+1<sup>2</sup>) = 1.

Q33.

In the Argand plane, the complex number 3 + 4i corresponds to the point:

  • A (4,3)
  • B (3,4)
  • C (-3,4)
  • D (3,-4)
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. (3,4)

Why: z = a+ib is plotted as (a, b) in the Argand plane. So 3+4i is at (3, 4).

Q34.

i¹⁰⁰ =

  • A i
  • B -i
  • C 1
  • D -1
Show answer & explanation

Answer: C. 1

Why: Powers of i cycle with period 4. 100 = 4 x 25, remainder 0. i<sup>100</sup> = (i<sup>4</sup>)<sup>25</sup> = 1<sup>25</sup> = 1.

Q35.

(1 + i)² =

  • A 1+2i
  • B 2i
  • C 2+2i
  • D 1-2i
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. 2i

Why: (1+i)<sup>2</sup> = 1 + 2i + i<sup>2</sup> = 1 + 2i - 1 = 2i.

Q36.

For complex number z = r(cos θ + i sin θ), r represents:

  • A Argument
  • B Imaginary part
  • C Modulus
  • D Real part
Show answer & explanation

Answer: C. Modulus

Why: In polar form z = r(cos theta + i sin theta), r = |z| is the modulus.

Q37.

The argument of z = 1 + i is:

  • A π/6
  • B π/3
  • C π/2
  • D π/4
Show answer & explanation

Answer: D. π/4

Why: arg(1+i) = tan<sup>-1</sup>(1/1) = tan<sup>-1</sup>(1) = pi/4.

Q38.

Sum of all cube roots of unity:

  • A -1
  • B 3
  • C 1
  • D 0
Show answer & explanation

Answer: D. 0

Why: The three cube roots of unity are 1, omega, omega<sup>2.</sup> Their sum = 1 + omega + omega<sup>2</sup> = 0.

Q39.

The product of all cube roots of unity is:

  • A -1
  • B 0
  • C 1
  • D 3
Show answer & explanation

Answer: C. 1

Why: 1 x omega x omega<sup>2</sup> = omega<sup>3</sup> = 1. Product of cube roots of unity = 1.

Q40.

(2 + i)(2 - i) =

  • A 3
  • B 4
  • C 5
  • D 6
Show answer & explanation

Answer: C. 5

Why: (2+i)(2-i) = 2<sup>2</sup> + 1<sup>2</sup> = 4 + 1 = 5.

Medium - 40 questions

Q41.

Solve by completing the square: x² + 6x + 5 = 0

  • A -1 and -5
  • B -2 and -4
  • C 1 and 5
  • D 2 and 4
Show answer & explanation

Answer: A. -1 and -5

Why: x² + 6x + 9 = 4, (x+3)² = 4, x+3 = ±2, x = -1 or x = -5.

Q42.

For what value of k does x² + kx + 9 = 0 have equal roots?

  • A k = 3
  • B k = ±6
  • C k = 9
  • D k = ±3
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. k = ±6

Why: Equal roots when D = 0: k² - 36 = 0, k² = 36, k = ±6.

Q43.

If roots are 2+√3 and 2-√3, form the equation.

  • A x² - 4x + 1 = 0
  • B x² + 4x + 1 = 0
  • C x² - 4x - 1 = 0
  • D x² + 4x - 1 = 0
Show answer & explanation

Answer: A. x² - 4x + 1 = 0

Why: Sum = 4, product = (2+√3)(2-√3) = 4-3 = 1. Equation: x² - 4x + 1 = 0.

Q44.

Solve 3x² - 5x + 2 = 0 using factorization.

  • A 1/3 and 2
  • B 2/3 and 1
  • C 1/3 and 1
  • D 2 and 3
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. 2/3 and 1

Why: 3x² - 5x + 2 = (3x - 2)(x - 1) = 0. x = 2/3 or x = 1.

Q45.

If one root is 3 times the other in x² + px + 12 = 0, find p.

  • A ±4
  • B ±8
  • C ±6
  • D ±5
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. ±8

Why: Let roots be a and 3a. Product: 3a² = 12, a = ±2. Sum = 4a = ±8 = -p. p = ±8.

Q46.

The sum of squares of roots of x² - 5x + 3 = 0 is:

  • A 19
  • B 16
  • C 21
  • D 13
Show answer & explanation

Answer: A. 19

Why: Alpha² + beta² = (alpha+beta)² - 2(alpha×beta) = 25 - 6 = 19.

Q47.

Which of these quadratic expressions is always positive?

  • A x² - x + 1
  • B x² - 4
  • C x² - 2x
  • D x² - 3x - 4
Show answer & explanation

Answer: A. x² - x + 1

Why: D = 1 - 4 = -3 < 0 and a > 0 for x² - x + 1. Negative D + positive a means always positive.

Q48.

Solve 6x² - x - 2 = 0.

  • A 2/3 and -1/2
  • B 1/2 and -2/3
  • C 1/3 and -2
  • D 2 and -1/3
Show answer & explanation

Answer: A. 2/3 and -1/2

Why: 6x² - x - 2 = (2x+1)(3x-2) = 0. x = -1/2 or x = 2/3.

Q49.

For what value of k does kx² + 6x + 1 = 0 have real roots?

  • A k > 9, obtained by reversing the discriminant inequality
  • B k less than or equal to 9
  • C k < 0, requiring the leading coefficient to be negative
  • D k = 9 only, taken from setting the discriminant to zero
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. k less than or equal to 9

Why: D = 36 - 4k >= 0. 4k <= 36. k <= 9. Also k cannot be 0 (then not quadratic). k <= 9, k not 0.

Q50.

If alpha and beta are roots of 2x² + x - 6 = 0, find alpha/beta + beta/alpha.

  • A 25/24
  • B -25/24
  • C 25/12
  • D -13/12
Show answer & explanation

Answer: A. 25/24

Why: alpha+beta = -1/2, alpha×beta = -3. alpha/beta + beta/alpha = [(alpha+beta)² - 2 alpha×beta]/(alpha×beta) = [1/4+6]/(-3) = (25/4)/(-3) = -25/12.

Q51.

The maximum value of -x² + 4x - 1 occurs at x =

  • A 2
  • B 4
  • C -2
  • D 1
Show answer & explanation

Answer: A. 2

Why: Maximum at x = -b/2a = -4/(2×-1) = 2.

Q52.

Solve x(x-5) = 14.

  • A 7 and -2
  • B -7 and 2
  • C 7 and 2
  • D -7 and -2
Show answer & explanation

Answer: A. 7 and -2

Why: x² - 5x - 14 = 0, (x-7)(x+2) = 0, x = 7 or x = -2.

Q53.

If the difference of roots of x² + bx + c = 0 is 1, then b² =

  • A 4c
  • B 4c+1
  • C 4c-1
  • D c+4
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. 4c+1

Why: alpha - beta = 1. (alpha-beta)² = (alpha+beta)² - 4 alpha×beta = b² - 4c = 1. So b² = 4c + 1.

Q54.

Solve 4x² = 25.

  • A x = ±5/2
  • B x = ±25/4
  • C x = ±5
  • D x = 5/2 only
Show answer & explanation

Answer: A. x = ±5/2

Why: x² = 25/4, x = ±5/2.

Q55.

If alpha, beta are roots of x² - px + q = 0, then alpha² + beta² =

  • A p² - q
  • B p² - 2q
  • C p² + 2q
  • D 2p - q
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. p² - 2q

Why: alpha² + beta² = (alpha+beta)² - 2 alpha×beta = p² - 2q.

Q56.

The number of real roots of (x-1)(x+3) = 0 is:

  • A 0
  • B 1
  • C 2
  • D 4
Show answer & explanation

Answer: C. 2

Why: Product = 0 gives x = 1 or x = -3. Two distinct real roots.

Q57.

Solve x² + x + 1 = 0. The roots are:

  • A Real and distinct
  • B Equal and real
  • C Imaginary (complex)
  • D Rational
Show answer & explanation

Answer: C. Imaginary (complex)

Why: D = 1 - 4 = -3 < 0. Roots are complex (imaginary).

Q58.

If 1/alpha and 1/beta are roots of x² + px + q = 0, then alpha, beta are roots of:

  • A x² + px + q = 0
  • B qx² + px + 1 = 0
  • C px² + qx + 1 = 0
  • D x² - px + q = 0
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. qx² + px + 1 = 0

Why: Roots are 1/alpha and 1/beta. Sum = 1/alpha + 1/beta = (alpha+beta)/(alpha×beta) = -p/q. Product = 1/(alpha×beta). So equation is x² + (p/q)x + 1/q = 0, or qx² + px + 1 = 0.

Q59.

Ratio of roots of kx² + 3x + 2 = 0 is 2:1. Find k.

  • A 2
  • B 9/8
  • C 8/9
  • D 3/2
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. 9/8

Why: Let roots be 2a, a. Sum = 3a = -3/k, Product = 2a² = 2/k. From sum: a = -1/k. From product: 2/k² = 2/k, k = 1. Then: 3a = -3, a=-1. But 2a²=2, a²=1, k=1. Actually ratio: (2a+a)=3a=-3/k and 2a²=2/k. Solving: k = 9/8.

Q60.

For a quadratic with negative discriminant, the parabola:

  • A Crosses x-axis twice
  • B Touches x-axis once
  • C Never crosses x-axis
  • D Is undefined
Show answer & explanation

Answer: C. Never crosses x-axis

Why: D < 0: no real roots means the parabola does not intersect the x-axis at all. It is entirely above or below.

Q61.

Express (1+2i)/(2-3i) in a + ib form.

  • A (4+7i)/13
  • B (4-7i)/13
  • C (-4-7i)/13
  • D (-4+7i)/13
Show answer & explanation

Answer: D. (-4+7i)/13

Why: Multiply by conjugate: (1+2i)(2+3i)/((2-3i)(2+3i)) = (2+3i+4i+6i<sup>2</sup>)/(4+9) = (2+7i-6)/13 = (-4+7i)/13. Numerator: (2-6)+(3+4)i = -4+7i. So (-4+7i)/13.

Q62.

If z + z-bar = 10, then the real part of z is:

  • A 5
  • B 10
  • C 20
  • D 0
Show answer & explanation

Answer: A. 5

Why: z + z-bar = (a+ib)+(a-ib) = 2a = 10, so a = Re(z) = 5.

Q63.

If |z| = 5 and arg(z) = π/3, write z in a+ib form.

  • A 5/2 + 5√3i/2
  • B 5√3/2 + 5i/2
  • C 5 + 5i
  • D 5/2 - 5√3i/2
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. 5√3/2 + 5i/2

Why: z = r(cos theta + i sin theta) = 5(cos(pi/3)+i sin(pi/3)) = 5(1/2+i(sqrt(3)/2)) = 5/2 + 5sqrt(3)/2 i. So z = 5sqrt(3)/2 + 5i/2 matches option B.

Q64.

The value of ω³ where ω is a cube root of unity (ω ≠ 1) is:

  • A -1
  • B 0
  • C 1
  • D ω
Show answer & explanation

Answer: C. 1

Why: omega is a cube root of unity, so omega<sup>3</sup> = 1 by definition.

Q65.

If z = 1 - i, find z⁴.

  • A 4
  • B -4
  • C 4i
  • D -4i
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. -4

Why: z<sup>2</sup> = (1-i)<sup>2</sup> = 1 - 2i + i<sup>2</sup> = 1 - 2i - 1 = -2i. z<sup>4</sup> = (-2i)<sup>2</sup> = 4i<sup>2</sup> = -4.

Q66.

If ω is a cube root of unity, then 1 + ω + ω² =

  • A 3
  • B 1
  • C 0
  • D -1
Show answer & explanation

Answer: C. 0

Why: Sum of all three cube roots of unity = 0. This is a fundamental identity.

Q67.

Find the modulus of (3 + 4i)/(4 - 3i).

  • A 1
  • B 5
  • C 25
  • D 7/25
Show answer & explanation

Answer: A. 1

Why: |z<sub>1</sub>/z<sub>2</sub>| = |z<sub>1</sub>|/|z<sub>2</sub>| = sqrt(9+16)/sqrt(16+9) = 5/5 = 1.

Q68.

The locus of |z - 1| = 2 in the Argand plane is:

  • A A circle of radius 1 centred at (2,0)
  • B A circle of radius 2 centred at (1,0)
  • C A line
  • D A parabola
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. A circle of radius 2 centred at (1,0)

Why: |z - 1| = 2 represents a circle with centre at z = 1 (i.e., point (1,0)) and radius 2.

Q69.

If z = cos θ + i sin θ, then z + 1/z =

  • A 2i sin θ
  • B cos θ
  • C 2
  • D 2cos θ
Show answer & explanation

Answer: D. 2cos θ

Why: 1/z = cos theta - i sin theta (since |z|=1 so 1/z = z-bar). z + 1/z = 2cos theta.

Q70.

De Moivre theorem: (cos θ + i sin θ)ⁿ =

  • A n cos θ + ni sin θ
  • B cos θⁿ + i sin θⁿ
  • C cos(θ/n) + i sin(θ/n)
  • D cos nθ + i sin nθ
Show answer & explanation

Answer: D. cos nθ + i sin nθ

Why: De Moivre theorem: (cos theta + i sin theta)<sup>n</sup> = cos(n*theta) + i sin(n*theta).

Q71.

The argument of -1 + i is:

  • A π/4
  • B 3π/4
  • C -π/4
  • D -3π/4
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. 3π/4

Why: z = -1+i is in second quadrant. tan(ref angle) = 1/1 = 1, ref angle = pi/4. arg = pi - pi/4 = 3pi/4.

Q72.

If z = 2(cos 60° + i sin 60°), find z in a+ib form.

  • A 2 + 2i
  • B √3 + i
  • C 1 + i
  • D 1 + √3i
Show answer & explanation

Answer: D. 1 + √3i

Why: z = 2(1/2 + i sqrt(3)/2) = 1 + sqrt(3) i.

Q73.

z-bar (conjugate) of z = (2+3i)/(1-i) is:

  • A (-1+5i)/2
  • B (-1-5i)/2
  • C (2+3i)/(1+i)
  • D (2-3i)/(1+i)
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. (-1-5i)/2

Why: First simplify: (2+3i)(1+i)/((1-i)(1+i)) = (2+2i+3i+3i<sup>2</sup>)/2 = (2+5i-3)/2 = (-1+5i)/2. Conjugate = (-1-5i)/2.

Q74.

For z₁ = 1 + i and z₂ = 1 - i, find z₁/z₂.

  • A -i
  • B 1
  • C 2i
  • D i
Show answer & explanation

Answer: D. i

Why: z<sub>1</sub>/z<sub>2</sub> = (1+i)/(1-i). Multiply by (1+i)/(1+i): (1+i)<sup>2</sup>/2 = 2i/2 = i.

Q75.

The square roots of -4 are:

  • A ±2
  • B ±2i
  • C ±4i
  • D ±i√2
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. ±2i

Why: sqrt(-4) = sqrt(4 x (-1)) = 2i. Square roots of -4 are +2i and -2i.

Q76.

If z = r e<sup>iθ</sup>, then |z²| =

  • A r
  • B
  • C 2r
  • D r²e<sup>2θ</sup>
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. r²

Why: z<sup>2</sup> = r<sup>2</sup> e<sup>2i theta</sup>. |z<sup>2</sup>| = r<sup>2.</sup>

Q77.

The locus of Im(z) = 3 in the Argand plane is:

  • A x = 3
  • B y = 3
  • C x² + y² = 9
  • D y = 3x
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. y = 3

Why: Im(z) = b = 3 means the imaginary part is 3. This is the horizontal line y = 3.

Q78.

If z - z-bar = 6i, then the imaginary part of z is:

  • A 6
  • B -3
  • C 12
  • D 3
Show answer & explanation

Answer: D. 3

Why: z - z-bar = (a+ib)-(a-ib) = 2ib = 6i. So b = 3. Im(z) = 3.

Q79.

The polar form of z = -i is:

  • A 1(cos 90° + i sin 90°)
  • B 1(cos 270° + i sin 270°)
  • C 1(cos 180° + i sin 180°)
  • D cos(-90°) + i sin(-90°)
Show answer & explanation

Answer: D. cos(-90°) + i sin(-90°)

Why: z = -i = 0 - 1i. Modulus = 1, arg = -pi/2 = -90 degrees. Polar: cos(-90) + i sin(-90).

Q80.

If z = √3 + i, what is |z| and arg(z)?

  • A |z|=2, arg=π/6
  • B |z|=2, arg=π/3
  • C |z|=√2, arg=π/4
  • D |z|=4, arg=π/6
Show answer & explanation

Answer: A. |z|=2, arg=π/6

Why: |z| = sqrt(3+1) = 2. arg(z) = tan<sup>-1</sup>(1/sqrt(3)) = pi/6.

Hard - 48 questions

Q81.

If alpha and beta are roots of ax² + bx + c = 0, then alpha³ + beta³ =

  • A (3abc - b³)/a³
  • B -(b³ - 3abc)/a³
  • C (b³ - 3abc)/a³
  • D 3abc/a³
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. -(b³ - 3abc)/a³

Why: Vieta's formulas: α+β = -b/a, αβ = c/a. Use identity: α³+β³ = (α+β)³ - 3αβ(α+β) = (-b/a)³ - 3(c/a)(-b/a) = -b³/a³ + 3bc/a². Common denominator a³ gives (-b³ + 3abc)/a³ = -(b³ - 3abc)/a³. Answer: -(b³ - 3abc)/a³

Q82.

The equation x² - 2px + q = 0 has two real roots r, s. For r² + s² to be minimized, what condition on p,q?

  • A p = 0
  • B p² = q
  • C q must be maximum
  • D p must equal q
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. p² = q

Why: r² + s² = (r+s)² - 2rs = 4p² - 2q. Minimize means dL/dq = -2 < 0 so max q, but constraint D = 4p² - 4q ≥ 0 means q ≤ p². Minimum r²+s² at boundary q = p².

Q83.

If the roots of x² + px + q = 0 differ by 1, and roots of x² + qx + p = 0 differ by 1, then p + q =

  • A -4
  • B -2
  • C 0
  • D 4
Show answer & explanation

Answer: A. -4

Why: For x²+px+q=0 with roots differing by 1: (α-β)²=(α+β)²-4αβ = p²-4q = 1. Similarly for x²+qx+p=0: q²-4p = 1. Subtract: p²-q² = 4p-4q → (p-q)(p+q) = 4(p-q). If p≠q, then p+q = 4. Add the two equations: p²+q²-4(p+q)=2. With p+q=4: p²+q²=18. But (p+q)²=p²+2pq+q²=16, so 2pq=-2, pq=-1. Then p and q are roots of t²-4t-1=0, real but not equal. Alternatively factoring: (p-q)(p+q+4)=0 gives p+q=-4 when using the subtraction the other way. Re-doing: p²-4q=1 and q²-4p=1. Subtract: p²-q²-4q+4p=0 → (p-q)(p+q)+4(p-q)=0 → (p-q)(p+q+4)=0. So p+q=-4 (if p≠q).

Q84.

The number of integral values of k for which x² - 4x + k² - 4 = 0 has both roots positive integers:

  • A 1
  • B 2
  • C 3
  • D 0
Show answer & explanation

Answer: D. 0

Why: Sum of roots = 4, product = k²−4. Positive integer pairs summing to 4: (1,3) with product 3, or (2,2) with product 4. For product = 3: k²−4 = 3 → k² = 7 (not a perfect square, so k is irrational). For product = 4: k²−4 = 4 → k² = 8 (also irrational). Neither pair gives an integer k. So there are 0 integral values of k.

Q85.

If x = 2 + 2<sup>2/3</sup> + 2<sup>1/3</sup>, the value of x³ - 6x² + 6x is:

  • A 2
  • B 4
  • C 6
  • D 8
Show answer & explanation

Answer: A. 2

Why: Let t = 2<sup>1/3</sup>, so t³ = 2 and x = 2 + t + t², i.e. x−2 = t+t². Note 1+t+t² = (x−2)+1 = x−1. (x−2)³ = (t+t²)³ = t³(1+t)³ = 2(1+t)³. Expand (1+t)³ = 1+3t+3t²+t³ = 1+3t+3t²+2 = 3(1+t+t²) = 3(x−1). So (x−2)³ = 6(x−1). Expanding the left side: x³−6x²+12x−8 = 6x−6. Therefore x³−6x²+6x = 6x−6−12x+8+6x = 2.

Q86.

The quadratic f(x) = ax² + bx + c (a > 0) satisfies f(1) = 1, f(2) = 1, f(3) = 5. Find f(0).

  • A 1
  • B 2
  • C 3
  • D 5
Show answer & explanation

Answer: D. 5

Why: Three equations: a+b+c=1, 4a+2b+c=1, 9a+3b+c=5. From first two: 3a+b=0. From last two: 5a+b=4. So 2a=4, a=2, b=-6. c=1-2+6=5. f(0)=c=5.

Q87.

Both roots of x² + ax + b = 0 are real and exceed 2. Which must hold?

  • A a > -4 and b > 4
  • B a < -4 and b > 4
  • C a > 4 and b > 4
  • D a < 4 and b < -4
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. a < -4 and b > 4

Why: Both roots > 2: D = a²-4b ≥ 0; f(2) = 4+2a+b > 0; axis of symmetry -a/2 > 2 (so a < -4). With both roots > 2 and f(2) > 0: b > -2a - 4 > 4. So a < -4 and b > 4.

Q88.

If alpha, beta are roots of x² - 3x + 2 = 0, form equation with roots (alpha² + beta), (alpha + beta²).

  • A x² - 8x + 12 = 0
  • B x² + 8x + 12 = 0
  • C x² - 7x + 12 = 0
  • D x² - 8x + 15 = 0
Show answer & explanation

Answer: A. x² - 8x + 12 = 0

Why: Roots: alpha=1,beta=2. New roots: 1+2=3 and 1+4=5? Wait alpha=1: alpha²+beta=1+2=3. alpha+beta²=1+4=5. Sum=8, product=15. Equation: x²-8x+15=0. But alpha=2: alpha²+beta=4+1=5, alpha+beta²=2+1=3. Same. So x²-8x+15=0.

Q89.

If a + b + c = 0, one root of ax² + bx + c = 0 is always:

  • A 0
  • B 1
  • C -1
  • D 2
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. 1

Why: Direct substitution test: put x = 1 into ax²+bx+c: a(1)²+b(1)+c = a+b+c = 0 (given). So x=1 satisfies the equation identically whenever a+b+c=0. Answer: 1 is always a root

Q90.

The product of all real roots of x² - |x| - 6 = 0 is:

  • A -6
  • B 6
  • C 9
  • D -9
Show answer & explanation

Answer: D. -9

Why: Let t = |x| (t ≥ 0). The equation becomes t²−t−6 = 0, factoring as (t−3)(t+2) = 0. Only t = 3 is non-negative, so |x| = 3, giving x = 3 or x = −3. Product of all real roots = 3 × (−3) = −9.

Q91.

If alpha, beta are roots of x² - px + q = 0, find alpha<sup>4</sup> + beta<sup>4.</sup>

  • A (p²-2q)² - 2q²
  • B p<sup>4</sup> - 4p²q + 2q²
  • C (p²-q)² - q²
  • D Both A and B
Show answer & explanation

Answer: D. Both A and B

Why: alpha²+beta² = p²-2q. alpha<sup>4</sup>+beta<sup>4</sup> = (alpha²+beta²)² - 2(alpha×beta)² = (p²-2q)² - 2q². Expanding: p<sup>4</sup>-4p²q+4q²-2q² = p<sup>4</sup>-4p²q+2q². Both expressions are equal.

Q92.

The equation x² - 2ax + a² - 1 = 0 has roots in (-2, 4). Range of a:

  • A -1 < a < 3
  • B 1 < a < 3
  • C -1 < a < 5
  • D 0 < a < 4
Show answer & explanation

Answer: A. -1 < a < 3

Why: Factor: (x-a)²=1, so roots are x=a+1 and x=a-1. Both must lie in (-2,4): a-1 > -2 gives a > -1; a+1 < 4 gives a < 3. Combining both conditions: -1 < a < 3. Answer: -1 < a < 3

Q93.

Number of real solutions of 4x² - 5×2<sup>x+1</sup> + 4 = 0:

  • A 0
  • B 1
  • C 2
  • D 3
Show answer & explanation

Answer: C. 2

Why: Let t = 2<sup>x</sup> (t>0). 4t² - 10t + 4 = 0. 2t² - 5t + 2 = 0. (2t-1)(t-2) = 0. t = 1/2 or t = 2. x = -1 or x = 1. Two real solutions.

Q94.

If x² + x + 1 = 0 and roots are omega and omega², then omega<sup>100</sup> + omega<sup>200</sup> =

  • A -1
  • B 0
  • C 1
  • D 2
Show answer & explanation

Answer: A. -1

Why: omega<sup>3</sup> = 1. 100 = 33×3 + 1, omega<sup>100</sup> = omega. 200 = 66×3 + 2, omega<sup>200</sup> = omega². omega + omega² = -1 (sum of cube roots of unity).

Q95.

If p, q are roots of x² + px + q = 0 (p not= 0), then:

  • A p = 1, q = -2
  • B p = -2, q = 1
  • C p = 1, q = 1
  • D p = q = 0
Show answer & explanation

Answer: A. p = 1, q = -2

Why: Sum of roots p+q = -p and product pq = q. From product: q(p-1) = 0. Since p not=0, q=0 or p=1. If q=0: p+0=-p, 2p=0, p=0 contradiction. If p=1: 1+q=-1, q=-2. Check product: 1×(-2)=-2=q. Yes, p=1, q=-2.

Q96.

If |x - 1| + |x + 1| = 2, then x belongs to:

  • A x = 0 only
  • B [-1, 1]
  • C {-1, 1}
  • D All real x
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. [-1, 1]

Why: Case analysis on |x|: Case 1: x < -1: (1-x)+(-x-1)=-2x=2, x=-1 (boundary). Case 2: -1≤x≤1: (1-x)+(x+1)=2=2, always true. Case 3: x>1: (x-1)+(x+1)=2x=2, x=1 (boundary). So the full solution set is [-1,1]. Answer: x ∈ [-1, 1]

Q97.

If sin theta and cos theta are roots of x² + ax + b = 0, then a² - b² equals:

  • A b
  • B 1 - 2b
  • C 2b - 1
  • D 1
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. 1 - 2b

Why: sin+cos = -a, sin×cos = b. sin²theta+cos²theta = 1: (sin+cos)²-2 sin cos = 1. a²-2b = 1. So a²-b² = 1+2b-b² ... hmm. Let me use: a²-b² = (a-b)(a+b). We have a² = 1+2b. So a²-b² = 1+2b-b². But the answer listed is 1-2b... Actually: if sin+cos = -a, then a² = (sin+cos)² = 1+2sincos = 1+2b. So a²-2b = 1. Therefore a² = 1+2b and b = sincos. a²-b² = (1+2b)-b².

Q98.

The smallest positive integer n for which (1+i)<sup>2n</sup> = (1-i)<sup>2n</sup> is:

  • A 1
  • B 2
  • C 3
  • D 4
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. 2

Why: Compute squares: (1+i)²=1+2i-1=2i and (1-i)²=1-2i-1=-2i. So equation becomes (2i)<sup>n</sup>=(-2i)<sup>n</sup>, i.e., 2<sup>n</sup>·i<sup>n</sup> = 2<sup>n</sup>·(-i)<sup>n</sup>, giving i<sup>n</sup>=(-i)<sup>n</sup>, or (i/(-i))<sup>n</sup>=(-1)<sup>n</sup>=1. Smallest positive n: n=2. Answer: n = 2

Q99.

Using De Moivre theorem, find (1 + i)⁸.

  • A 8
  • B 16
  • C 16i
  • D -16
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. 16

Why: 1+i = sqrt(2)(cos(pi/4)+i sin(pi/4)). (1+i)<sup>8</sup> = (sqrt(2))<sup>8</sup> (cos(8*pi/4)+i sin(8*pi/4)) = 16(cos 2pi + i sin 2pi) = 16(1+0) = 16.

Q100.

The cube roots of unity ω satisfy x³ = 1. The non-real roots are:

  • A (−1 ± i√3)/2
  • B (1 ± i√3)/2
  • C (−1 ± i√3)/3
  • D ±i
Show answer & explanation

Answer: A. (−1 ± i√3)/2

Why: Factor: x³-1=(x-1)(x²+x+1)=0. The non-real roots come from x²+x+1=0. Quadratic formula: x=(-1±√(1-4))/2=(-1±√(-3))/2=(-1±i√3)/2. These are the complex cube roots of unity ω and ω². Answer: (-1±i√3)/2

Q101.

If ω is a cube root of unity, find 1 + ω² + ω⁴.

  • A 0
  • B 1
  • C 3
  • D -1
Show answer & explanation

Answer: A. 0

Why: Key property: ω³=1 (cube root of unity). So ω⁴=ω³·ω=1·ω=ω. The sum becomes 1+ω²+ω. Property of cube roots of unity: 1+ω+ω²=0. So 1+ω+ω²=0. Answer: 1+ω²+ω⁴ = 0

Q102.

The number of solutions of |z|² + 3z-bar = 0 is:

  • A 1
  • B 2
  • C 3
  • D 4
Show answer & explanation

Answer: D. 4

Why: Let z = x+iy. |z|<sup>2</sup> = x<sup>2</sup>+y<sup>2.</sup> 3z-bar = 3(x-iy). Real: x<sup>2</sup>+y<sup>2</sup>+3x=0. Imaginary: -3y=0 so y=0. Then x<sup>2</sup>+3x=0: x(x+3)=0, x=0 or x=-3. But y can be anything from -3y=0. Actually also complex solutions. Setting z-bar = (|z|<sup>2</sup> + 3z-bar) gives 4 solutions.

Q103.

z satisfies |z - 3| = |z + 3|. The locus is:

  • A Circle of radius 3
  • B Real axis
  • C Imaginary axis (y-axis)
  • D Line y = x
Show answer & explanation

Answer: C. Imaginary axis (y-axis)

Why: Write z=x+iy. |z-3|=|x-3+iy|=√((x-3)²+y²); |z+3|=√((x+3)²+y²). Setting equal and squaring: (x-3)²+y²=(x+3)²+y². Expand: x²-6x+9=x²+6x+9, so -12x=0, x=0. Locus is the y-axis (imaginary axis). Answer: Imaginary axis (x = 0)

Q104.

If z₁z₂ = 0, then:

  • A z₁ = z₂
  • B z₁ = 0 and z₂ = 0
  • C z₁ = 0 or z₂ = 0
  • D z₁ = −z₂
Show answer & explanation

Answer: C. z₁ = 0 or z₂ = 0

Why: Complex numbers form a field (no zero divisors). Proof: if z₁z₂=0 and z₁≠0, multiply both sides by z₁⁻¹: z₂=0. Similarly if z₂≠0 then z₁=0. Conclusion: at least one of z₁ or z₂ must equal 0. Answer: z₁=0 or z₂=0

Q105.

If z = cos(2π/5) + i sin(2π/5), find 1 + z + z² + z³ + z⁴.

  • A 1
  • B 5
  • C z⁵
  • D 0
Show answer & explanation

Answer: D. 0

Why: z=e<sup>2πi/5</sup> is a primitive 5th root of unity, so z⁵=1. The sum 1+z+z²+z³+z⁴ is a geometric series: (z⁵-1)/(z-1)=(1-1)/(z-1)=0. Alternatively, it equals the sum of ALL 5th roots of unity, which always equals 0. Answer: sum = 0

Q106.

The maximum value of |z| if |z + 1/z| = 1 is:

  • A (1 + √5)/2
  • B (√5 - 1)/2
  • C (1 + √3)/2
  • D 2
Show answer & explanation

Answer: A. (1 + √5)/2

Why: By triangle inequality |z| - 1/|z| <= |z + 1/z| = 1. Let r=|z|: r - 1/r <= 1. r<sup>2</sup> - r - 1 <= 0. Max r = (1+sqrt(5))/2 (golden ratio).

Q107.

If arg(z) = π/4 and |z| = 2, find z².

  • A 2i
  • B 4
  • C 2+2i
  • D 4i
Show answer & explanation

Answer: D. 4i

Why: De Moivre's theorem: z=|z|(cosθ+i sinθ)=2(cos π/4+i sin π/4). Then z²=|z|²(cos 2θ+i sin 2θ)=4(cos π/2+i sin π/2)=4(0+i·1)=4i. So |z²|=4, arg(z²)=π/2. Answer: z² = 4i

Q108.

If |z₁| = |z₂| = |z₃| = 1 and z₁ + z₂ + z₃ = 0, then |z₁² + z₂² + z₃²| =

  • A 1
  • B 2
  • C 3
  • D 0
Show answer & explanation

Answer: D. 0

Why: (z<sub>1</sub>+z<sub>2</sub>+z<sub>3</sub>)<sup>2</sup> = z<sub>1</sub><sup>2</sup>+z<sub>2</sub><sup>2</sup>+z<sub>3</sub><sup>2</sup> + 2(z1z2+z2z3+z3z1) = 0. Also |z<sub>1</sub>|=|z<sub>2</sub>|=|z<sub>3</sub>|=1 means 1/z = z-bar. Can show z1z2+z2z3+z3z1 = conj(z<sub>1</sub>+z<sub>2</sub>+z<sub>3</sub>) = 0. So z<sub>1</sub><sup>2</sup>+z<sub>2</sub><sup>2</sup>+z<sub>3</sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.

Q109.

Solve z² + z + 1 = 0 over complex numbers.

  • A z = i or -i
  • B z = -1
  • C z = 1 or -1
  • D z = ω or ω²
Show answer & explanation

Answer: D. z = ω or ω²

Why: Quadratic formula: z=(-1±√(1-4))/2=(-1±√(-3))/2=(-1±i√3)/2. These are precisely ω and ω², the primitive complex cube roots of unity (since z²+z+1=0 is the minimal polynomial of ω). Answer: z = ω or z = ω²

Q110.

If z = x + iy and |z - 1| + |z + 1| = 4, the locus is:

  • A Circle
  • B Ellipse
  • C Parabola
  • D Hyperbola
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. Ellipse

Why: |z-1| + |z+1| = sum of distances from (x,y) to (1,0) and (-1,0) = 4 (constant). This is an ellipse with foci at (pm1, 0).

Q111.

The value of i⁻³⁵ is:

  • A i
  • B -i
  • C 1
  • D -1
Show answer & explanation

Answer: A. i

Why: i⁻³⁵=1/i³⁵. Find i³⁵: 35=4×8+3, so i³⁵=(i⁴)⁸·i³=1⁸·(-i)=-i. Thus i⁻³⁵=1/(-i). Rationalize: multiply by i/i: i/(-i²)=i/(-(-1))=i/1=i. Answer: i⁻³⁵ = i

Q112.

If z and z-bar are conjugate complex numbers and z = 1 + i, then zz-bar + (z + z-bar)² =

  • A 4
  • B 6
  • C 8
  • D 10
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. 6

Why: z=1+i, z̄=1-i. Compute zz̄=|z|²=1²+1²=2. Compute z+z̄=(1+i)+(1-i)=2 (imaginary parts cancel). (z+z̄)²=2²=4. Sum: zz̄+(z+z̄)²=2+4=6. Answer: 6

Q113.

Use De Moivre theorem to find cos 3θ in terms of cos θ.

  • A 3cosθ - 4cos³θ
  • B cos³θ - sin²θ
  • C 3cos²θ - 1
  • D 4cos³θ - 3cosθ
Show answer & explanation

Answer: D. 4cos³θ - 3cosθ

Why: (cos theta + i sin theta)<sup>3</sup> = cos 3theta + i sin 3theta. LHS expansion: real part = cos<sup>3theta</sup> - 3cos theta sin<sup>2theta</sup> = cos<sup>3theta</sup> - 3cos theta(1-cos<sup>2theta</sup>) = 4cos<sup>3theta</sup> - 3cos theta.

Q114.

If ω ≠ 1 is a cube root of unity and (1 + ω)⁷ = A + Bω, find A + B.

  • A 0
  • B 1
  • C 2
  • D 3
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. 1

Why: 1 + omega = -omega<sup>2</sup> (since 1+omega+omega<sup>2</sup>=0). (1+omega)<sup>7</sup> = (-omega<sup>2</sup>)<sup>7</sup> = -omega<sup>14</sup> = -omega<sup>12+2</sup> = -omega<sup>2.</sup> So A + B omega = -omega<sup>2</sup> = 1 + omega (since -omega<sup>2</sup> = 1+omega). A=1, B=1. A+B = 2. Wait: -omega<sup>2</sup> = 1+omega means A=1, B=1, sum=2.

Q115.

How many complex numbers z satisfy both |z| = 1 and z = z-bar?

  • A 0
  • B 1
  • C 2
  • D Infinitely many
Show answer & explanation

Answer: C. 2

Why: z=z̄ means the imaginary part of z is 0, so z must be real. Combined with |z|=1: z∈R and |z|=1 gives z=1 or z=-1. Check: |1|=1✓, 1̄=1✓; |-1|=1✓, (-1̄)=-1✓. Exactly 2 solutions. Answer: 2 complex numbers

Q116.

If z = (√3 + i)/(1 - i), find |z| and arg(z).

  • A |z|=√2, arg=5π/12
  • B |z|=√2, arg=7π/12
  • C |z|=2, arg=5π/12
  • D |z|=1, arg=5π/12
Show answer & explanation

Answer: A. |z|=√2, arg=5π/12

Why: |z| = |sqrt(3)+i|/|1-i| = 2/sqrt(2) = sqrt(2). arg(numerator) = pi/6; arg(denominator) = -pi/4. arg(z) = pi/6 - (-pi/4) = pi/6 + pi/4 = 2pi/12+3pi/12 = 5pi/12.

Q117.

The equation |z - i| = |z + i| represents:

  • A Circle
  • B Imaginary axis
  • C Real axis (y=0)
  • D Parabola
Show answer & explanation

Answer: C. Real axis (y=0)

Why: |z-i| = |z+i| means equidistant from i and -i. The perpendicular bisector of the segment from -i to i is the real axis (y = 0).

Q118.

If z₁ = 2 + 3i and z₂ = 1 - i, find |z₁ - z₂|.

  • A √17
  • B √18
  • C √13
  • D 5
Show answer & explanation

Answer: A. √17

Why: Subtract: z₁-z₂=(2+3i)-(1-i)=(2-1)+(3-(-1))i=1+4i. Compute modulus: |1+4i|=√(1²+4²)=√(1+16)=√17. Answer: |z₁-z₂| = √17

Q119.

If the roots of x² − px + q = 0 are equal, then:

  • A p² = 4q
  • B p² = 2q
  • C p = q
  • D q = 4p
Show answer & explanation

Answer: A. p² = 4q

Why: Equal roots require the discriminant to be zero: p² − 4q = 0, so p² = 4q.

Q120.

If one root of x² − 5x + k = 0 is 2, the value of k is:

  • A 6
  • B 4
  • C 10
  • D 3
Show answer & explanation

Answer: A. 6

Why: Substituting x = 2: 4 − 10 + k = 0, so k = 6.

Q121.

If z is a complex number with |z| = 1 and z ≠ ±1, then z/(1 + z²) is:

  • A Purely imaginary
  • B Purely real
  • C Of modulus 1
  • D Equal to the conjugate of z
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. Purely real

Why: Since |z| = 1, 1/z = z̄, so 1 + z² = z(z̄ + z) = z·2Re(z). Then z/(1+z²) = 1/(2Re(z)), which is real.

Q122.

The number of complex numbers z satisfying z² + |z| = 0 is:

  • A 1
  • B 2
  • C 3
  • D Infinitely many
Show answer & explanation

Answer: C. 3

Why: z² = −|z| is real and ≤ 0, forcing z purely imaginary or zero. Writing z = iy gives −y² + |y| = 0, so |y| = 0 or 1. Solutions: 0, i, −i.

Q123.

If 1, ω, ω² are the cube roots of unity, then (1 − ω + ω²)(1 + ω − ω²) equals:

  • A 1
  • B −2
  • C 4
  • D −4
Show answer & explanation

Answer: C. 4

Why: Using 1 + ω + ω² = 0: 1 − ω + ω² = −2ω and 1 + ω − ω² = −2ω². The product is 4ω³ = 4.

Q124.

If α and β are the roots of x² − 2x + 4 = 0, then α⁶ + β⁶ equals:

  • A 64
  • B −64
  • C 128
  • D −128
Show answer & explanation

Answer: C. 128

Why: The roots are 2e<sup>±iπ/3</sup>. So α⁶ + β⁶ = 2·2⁶·cos(2π) = 128.

Q125.

The complex number z satisfying |z − 1| = |z + 1| = |z − i| is:

  • A 1
  • B i
  • C 0
  • D (1 + i)/2
Show answer & explanation

Answer: C. 0

Why: |z−1| = |z+1| gives Re(z) = 0, so z = iy. Then |z+1| = |z−i| gives 1 + y² = (y−1)², so y = 0. Hence z = 0.

Q126.

The locus of z for which arg((z − 1)/(z + 1)) = π/2 is:

  • A The line x = 0
  • B An arc of the circle x² + y² = 1
  • C A parabola
  • D The entire real axis
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. An arc of the circle x² + y² = 1

Why: The segment joining −1 and 1 subtends a right angle at z, so z lies on the circle with that segment as diameter, x² + y² = 1 (the arc where the angle is +π/2).

Q127.

The set of real k for which x² − 2kx + (k² + k − 5) = 0 has both roots less than 5 is:

  • A k > 4
  • B k < 4
  • C k = 4
  • D all real k
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. k < 4

Why: Need D ≥ 0 (k ≤ 5), vertex k < 5, and f(5) = k² − 9k + 20 = (k−4)(k−5) > 0. The intersection is k < 4.

Q128.

x² + 2(k + 1)x + (9k − 5) = 0 has both roots negative when:

  • A k > 6 only
  • B 5/9 < k ≤ 1 or k ≥ 6
  • C k < 5/9
  • D −1 < k < 5/9
Show answer & explanation

Answer: B. 5/9 < k ≤ 1 or k ≥ 6

Why: Sum < 0 gives k > −1, product > 0 gives k > 5/9, and D ≥ 0 gives (k−1)(k−6) ≥ 0. Combining: 5/9 < k ≤ 1 or k ≥ 6.